Fiscal cliff в иллюстрациях
Nov. 29th, 2012 11:56 am![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
igor734В последнее время все только и пишут о том, что на нас надвигается ужасный fiscal cliff (дословно переводится как "фискальный обрыв", но мне больше понравилось "фискальный облом" от юзера ![[livejournal.com profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/external/lj-userinfo.gif){kind=small}
auvasilev :)). Однако, хотя обсуждение уже в самом разгаре, никто, вроде бы, пока не "разложил по полочкам" из чего конкретно будет складываться увеличение налоговой нагрузки в США, все пишут об общих цифрах и общем эффекте на экономику.
Журнал "Taxpro Monthly", выпускаемый Национальной Ассоциации налоговых профессионалов (NATP) в своем последнем (ноябрьском) номере опубликовал статью профессора Роджера Маккьюэна (Roger McEowen) из университета Айовы о том, какие конкретно налоговые положения изменятся с 1 января, если Конгресс по каким-либо причинам не примет никаких мер до конца этого года. Думаю, тем, кто, как и я, платят налоги в США, будет интересно заглянуть "over the cliff" и посмотреть чем это грозит конкретно для своей ситуации.
К сожалению, онлайн-версия самого журнала у них в members only, поэтому дать ссылку не могу, но приведу основные таблицы из этой статьи.
Всего таблиц три:
1) Временные изменения, внесенные в налоговый кодекс в 2001 году законом Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA), срок которых истекает в этом году;
| IRC | 2012 Provision | 2013 Provision Without Congressional Action |
| §1 (income tax brackets) | Income tax brackets are: 10, 15, 25, 28, 33, 35% | Income tax brackets are 15, 28, 31, 36 and 39.6% (with a marriage penalty returning—the 15% bracket for taxpayers filing joint returns as well as qualified surviving spouses being 167% of the 15% bracket rather than 200%) [Note: Dividends paid to individuals taxed at ordinary income rates] |
| §1(g)(7)(B)(ii) | Inclusion of child’s gross income exceeding set amount plus 10% of lesser of (a) inflation-adjusted standard deduction for dependent child, or (b) excess of child’s gross income over amount in (a) | 10% figure changes to 15% |
| §1(h) (capital gains) | 0% for those in the 15% bracket and lower; 15% for taxpayers in higher brackets | 10% for lower income taxpayers (8% for assets held more than five years); 20% (18% for assets held more than five years) |
| §21 (credit for household and dependent care expenses) | $3,000 for 1 qualifying individual, and $6,000 for 2 or more; maximum credit percentage of 35% and AGI-based reduction starting at $15,000 | $2,400 for 1 qualifying individual, and $4,800 for 2 or more; maximum credit percentage of 30% and AGI-based reduction starting at $10,000 |
| §24 (child tax credit) | $1,000 per qualifying child and is allowed against the AMT | $500 per qualifying child with no allowance against the AMT |
| §32 (earned income tax credit) | Earned income and AGI must be less than $19,190 (MFJ) for taxpayers with no qualifying children and $50,270 (MFJ) for taxpayers with 3 or more qualifying children | Beginning of phaseout range lower; phaseout of credit computed with reference to MAGI rather than AGI; earned income includes exempt income; EITC reduced by AMT; credit maxes out with 2 dependents |
| §36C (adoption credit) goes back to §23 | $10,000 maximum credit $12,650 ($10,000 statutory amount as adjusted for inflation) | Maximum credit lower; eligible expenses limited; reduced phaseout range; inapplicable against AMT; available only for special needs child |
| §45F (credit for employer provided child care facilities) | Available | Unavailable |
| §63 (standard deduction) | Married taxpayers get 200% of the standard deduction that applies for single taxpayers | Married taxpayers get 167% of the standard deduction that applies for single taxpayers |
| §68 (overall limitation on itemized deductions) | Pease limitation not applicable in 2012 | Greater limitations apply; for higher-income taxpayers, itemized deductions are reduced by 3% of AGI above a certain amount with reduction not exceeding 80% |
| §127 (exclusion for employer provided educational assistance) | Available | Unavailable; also gone is the allowance of the exclusion tied to graduate-level education; expenses paid by employer for education or training provided to the employee excluded only if qualified as working condition fringe |
| 151(d) (phaseout of personal exemptions) | Set level | Phaseout for higher income taxpayers |
| §221 (above-the-line deduction for student loan interest) | Available | Available, but reduced phase-out range and applicable just to interest paid during first 60 months of required interest payments |
| §530 (Coverdell Education Savings Accounts) | Available | Contribution limit $500; lower phase-out range for MFJ; applicable only for higher education expenses; no special rules for special needs beneficiaries; no rule allowing corporations (and other entities) to make contributions; can’t make contributions for current year by April 15 of following year |
| §§531 and 541 (accumulated earnings tax rate and personal holding company tax rate) | 15% | 39.6% |
| §2001 (estate tax) | 35% rate of tax on taxable amounts above $5.12 million | 55% rate on taxable amounts above $1 million; reinstatement of §2057 family-owned business deduction; reinstatement of credit against state death tax |
| §2505 (gift tax) | 35% maximum rate; $5.12 million exemption (unified credit exemption equivalent) | 55% maximum rate with $1 million exemption (unified credit exemption equivalent) |
| §2631 (generation-skipping transfer tax) | 35% maximum rate | 55% maximum rate above an exemption of between $1,360,000– $1,430,000 (to be determined based on an inflation adjustement) |
| §3402 (backup withholding on gambling winnings) | 25% rate | 28% rate |
2) Некоторые положения этого же закона, срок которых истек в 2011 году и не был продлен в 2012 (их эффект мы заметим через пару месяцев при подаче деклараций за 2012 год);
| IRC | Provision |
| §25C | Nonbusiness energy property credit |
| §36C | Refundability of adoption credit |
| §41(h)(1)(B) | Research credit |
| §45L | Credit for construction of new energy efficient homes |
| §45M | Energy efficient appliance credit |
| §51(c)(4) | Work opportunity tax credit for non-veterans |
| §62 | $250 above-the-line deduction for specified expenses of elementary and secondary school teachers |
| §163(h)(3)(E) | Ability to treat mortgage insurance premiums as deductible qualified residence interest |
| §164(b)(5) | Election to deduct state and local general sales taxes in lieu of state and local income tax deduction |
| §168(e) | 15-year depreciation for qualified leasehold improvement property, qualified restaurant property, and qualified retail improvement |
| §168(i)(15)(D) | 7-year straight-line depreciation for motorsports entertainment complexes |
| §168(k)(1) and (5) | 100% first-year bonus depreciation (reduced to 50% for 2012) |
| §170(b)(1)(E); (b)(2)(B) | Tax incentives for contributions of capital gain real property for conservation purposes |
| §170(e)(3)(C) | Enhanced charitable deduction for contributions of book inventories to government schools |
| §170(e)(6)(G) | Corporate contributions of computer equipment for educational purposes |
| §179 | Expense method depreciation ($139,000 for 2012 with investment ceiling of $560,000) |
| §181(f ) | Election to expense production costs of qualified film and television products in the U.S. |
| §408(d)(8) | Tax-free distributions up to $100,000 annually for taxpayers over age 70½ from an IRA for charitable purposes |
| §613A(c)(6)(H)(ii) | Suspension of income limitations on percentage depletion for marginal wells |
| §1202 | Exclusion of gain on certain small business stock (only 50% for 2012 and 60% for qualified business entity stock as defined by the statute) |
| §1367(a) | Lower shareholder basis adjustments for charitable contributions by S corporations |
3) Положения других законов, срок которых также истек в 2012 году.
| IRC | Provision |
| §25A(i) | American Opportunity Tax Credit—credit basically cut in half (maximum credit becomes 100% of first $1,000 of qualified tuition and related expenses, and 50% of next $1,000 of qualified tuition and related expenses); other expiring provisions include the enhanced AGI limits, the reduction of the refundable portion, and the elimination of the course materials credit allowance |
| §51(c)(4)(B) | Work Opportunity Tax Credit inapplicable with respect to qualified veterans hired after 2012 |
| §53(e) | Refundable credit for unused AMT credit |
| §108(a)(1)(E) | Exclusion for qualified principal residence debt that is discharged |
| §§168(k)(1) and (k)(4) | 50% first-year bonus depreciation; election to accelerate AMT credits in lieu of claiming bonus depreciation |
| §179 | Expense method depreciation—amount will be $25,000 in 2013 and investment ceiling will be $200,000 |
| §§3101–3111 | Payroll tax cut expires—4.2% (employee OASDI tax) becomes 6.2%; 10.4% (self-employed OASDI rate under SECA) becomes 12.4% |
